Sample sentences

Overview

The examples below are numbered for cross-reference. Each has an English translation (E), a Canassarene sentence (C), a morpheme gloss (P), and a notes line (N). In the gloss, one bracketed label is given per Canassarene word (or clear morpheme). Letter case distinguishes gloss type:

Imperative force may be shown with ! on a lexical gloss ([go!]).

Related articles: Language; phonology and orthography; grammar; regional dialects.

Sample sentences

1.
E: It's raining.
C: Huyan sëdan ina.
P: [rain] [PROG] [fall]
N: N/A

2.
E: The rain came down.
C: Huyan ran ina.
P: [rain] [PST] [fall]
N: N/A

3.
E: The kitten is playing in the rain.
C: Cita şinin sëdan vela di huyan.
P: [cat] [small] [PROG] [play] [in] [rain]
N: N/A

4.
E: The rain has stopped.
C: Huyan ran meta.
P: [rain] [PST] [stop]
N: N/A

5.
E: Soon the rain will stop.
C: Şëtema, huyan cul meta.
P: [soon] [rain] [FUT] [stop]
N: Frame-initial şëtem → şëtema (final consonants and release vowels).

6.
E: I hope the rain stops soon.
C: Ca haribu yen şëtem, huyan meta.
P: [I] [hope] [COMP] [soon] [rain] [stop]
N: Mid-clause: base şëtem, no frame -a.

7.
E: Once, wild animals lived here.
C: Ranël, şinema, soyaan nasa-hutan ran adiani.
P: [formerly] [here] [many] [wild-being] [PST] [live]
N: N/A

8.
E: She looked around.
C: Cu ran ida re.
P: [she] [PST] [see] [all]
N: N/A

9.
E: Go away!
C: Çëna dulca!
P: [go!] [far]
N: Careful equivalent: compositional çëna dulca ("go far").

10.
E: Scram!
C: Şiu!
P: [scram!]
N: Colloquial interjection; careful prose uses çëna dulca.

11.
E: Let's go!
C: Çëna!
P: [go!]
N: Bare çëna; English "let's" is inferred from context.

12.
E: The child's ball has rolled away.
C: Bolla ën sinin ran bola dulca.
P: [ball] [GEN] [child] [PST] [roll] [far]
N: N/A

13.
E: The two boys are working together.
C: Duha sinin-tërila sëdan sari dënan re.
P: [two] [child-male] [PROG] [work] [with] [all]
N: Open-liquid citation form tërila (related to tëril). "Together" is compositional dënan re.

14.
E: This mist will probably clear away.
C: Şëlena, ayuna şina cul çëna dulca.
P: [probably] [mist] [this] [FUT] [go] [far]
N: N/A

15.
E: Anna kicks.
C: Anna cëru.
P: [Anna] [kick]
N: N/A

16.
E: Anna kicks the ball.
C: Anna cëru bolla.
P: [Anna] [kick] [ball]
N: N/A

17.
E: Anna kicks the ball to Bob.
C: Anna cëru bolla cë Bob.
P: [Anna] [kick] [ball] [to] [Bob]
N: N/A

18.
E: Anna is a teacher.
C: Anna colënan.
P: [Anna] [teacher]
N: N/A

19.
E: Anna is not a teacher.
C: Anna ne colënan.
P: [Anna] [NEG] [teacher]
N: N/A

20.
E: Anna sits.
C: Anna suvaru.
P: [Anna] [sit]
N: N/A

21.
E: Anna is beautiful.
C: Anna inda.
P: [Anna] [beautiful]
N: N/A

22.
E: Anna is a beautiful teacher.
C: Anna colënan inda.
P: [Anna] [teacher] [beautiful]
N: N/A

23.
E: Anna jumps twice.
C: Anna tari duhada.
P: [Anna] [jump] [twice]
N: N/A

24.
E: Anna can eat oranges.
C: Anna decu ibe sisön.
P: [Anna] [ABIL] [eat] [orange]
N: N/A

25.
E: Anna eats oranges.
C: Anna ibe sisön.
P: [Anna] [eat] [orange]
N: N/A

26.
E: Anna is eating oranges.
C: Anna sëdan ibe sisön.
P: [Anna] [PROG] [eat] [orange]
N: N/A

27.
E: Anna ate oranges.
C: Anna ran ibe sisön.
P: [Anna] [PST] [eat] [orange]
N: N/A

28.
E: Anna will eat oranges.
C: Anna cul ibe sisön.
P: [Anna] [FUT] [eat] [orange]
N: N/A

29.
E: Anna eats oranges?
C: Anna ibe sisön na.
P: [Anna] [eat] [orange] [Q]
N: Comparable to Japanese ka.

30.
E: Anna eats oranges!
C: Anna ibe sisön nya.
P: [Anna] [eat] [orange] [EXCL]
N: Comparable to Japanese yo.

31.
E: Anna eats oranges¿
C: Anna ibe sisön ni.
P: [Anna] [eat] [orange] [SKEPT]
N: Skeptical challenge.

32.
E: Anna eats oranges∴
C: Anna ibe sisön me.
P: [Anna] [eat] [orange] [OBV]
N: Marks the statement as obvious.

33.
E: Anna jumps over two balls.
C: Anna tari ricun duha bolla.
P: [Anna] [jump] [over] [two] [ball]
N: N/A

34.
E: Anna jumps over the ball twice.
C: Anna tari ricun bolla duhada.
P: [Anna] [jump] [over] [ball] [twice]
N: N/A

35.
E: Anna jumps over ball number Two.
C: Anna tari ricun bolla bilan Duha.
P: [Anna] [jump] [over] [ball] [number] [Two]
N: N/A

36.
E: Anna jumps over the second ball.
C: Anna tari ricun bolla duhalë.
P: [Anna] [jump] [over] [ball] [second]
N: N/A

37.
E: Esuno spoke thus: "I eat oranges."
C: Esuno ran idëm "Ca ibe sisön."
P: [Esuno] [PST] [THUS] [I] [eat] [orange]
N: Quotation marks are writing-only; spoken framing uses quotative idëm ("thus"), from the same stem as idë "say."

38.
E: Esuno jumps over the second ball (twice).
C: Esuno tari ricun bolla duhalë (duhada).
P: [Esuno] [jump] [over] [ball] [second] [twice]
N: Parentheses are writing-only; Canassarene has no spoken parenthesis particle.

39.
E: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
C: Re cënasa sininyë liro e simya di aina-banca e cenri. Curur lindan colën e ollmën-linë, e curur aros larda cë re di örnasal.
P: [all] [person] [be-born] [free] [and] [equal] [in] [dignity] [and] [right]. [they] [possess] [reason] [and] [conscience], [and] [they] [OBLIG] [act] [to] [all] [in] [brotherhood].
N: UDHR: Article 1; Furo-moşir oyul ën cenri ën cënasa: Radën So; [universal] [declaration] [of] [right] [of] [person]: [section] [one].

40.
E: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
C: Sonya cënasa lindan cenri cënu rëmada e liroal e damelidun ën cënasa.
P: [each] [person] [possess] [right] [regarding] [life] [and] [liberty] [and] [security] [of] [person]
N: UDHR: Article 3; Furo-moşir oyul ën cenri ën cënasa: Radën Dinë; [universal] [declaration] [of] [right] [of] [person]: [section] [three].